气力输送系统 Pneumatic Conveying System

气力输送系统 Pneumatic Conveying System，真空输送系统

# 气力输送系统 Pneumatic Conveying System ## 一、系统概述 System Overview **中文** 气力输送系统是以空气（或惰性气体）为输送介质，利用气流动能在密闭管道内输送颗粒、粉末、短条状等散状物料的自动化输送设备，广泛应用于塑料、化工、粮食、建材、医药、食品等行业。整套设备密闭运行，可减少粉尘外泄，改善车间环境，同时易实现自动化控制，搭配除尘、分选、干燥等工艺设备组成完整生产线。 **English** A pneumatic conveying system uses air (or inert gas) as the conveying medium. It transports bulk materials such as particles, powders and short strips through sealed pipelines by means of air flow kinetic energy. It is widely used in plastics, chemical, grain, building materials, pharmaceutical, food and other industries. The whole system operates in a sealed state to reduce dust leakage and improve the workshop environment. It is also easy to realize automatic control, and can be combined with dust removal, sorting, drying and other process equipment to form a complete production line. --- ## 二、工作原理 Working Principle **中文** 借助风机、罗茨风机、真空泵等动力源，使输送管道内部形成正压或负压气流。物料在气流的裹挟、推动作用下，随气流沿管道定向移动，*终抵达指定料仓、料斗或加工设备；物料与气体在末端通过分离器、布袋除尘器实现气料分离，气体排空或循环利用，物料完成输送。 **English** Power sources such as fans, Roots blowers and vacuum pumps generate positive or negative pressure air flow inside the conveying pipeline. Entrained and pushed by the air flow, materials move directionally along the pipeline to designated silos, hoppers or processing equipment. At the terminal, materials are separated from air by separators and bag dust collectors. The air is exhausted or recycled, and the material conveying process is completed. --- ## 三、主流分类 Main Classification ### 1. 按压力形式划分 By Pressure Type #### （1）负压式（吸送式） Negative Pressure (Suction Type) **中文** 管道内部为负压，从取料端吸料，多点取料、单点卸料。优势是取料灵活、无粉尘外溢，适合原料集中收集、短距离输送，常用于原料上料、回收场景。 **English** Negative pressure is formed inside the pipeline. Materials are sucked from the feeding end, featuring multi-point feeding and single-point discharging. It has flexible feeding performance and no dust leakage. Suitable for centralized material collection and short-distance conveying, commonly used in raw material feeding and material recovery. #### （2）正压式（压送式） Positive Pressure (Pressure Type) **中文** 管道内部为正压，单点取料、多点卸料，输送距离远、输送量大，可实现长距离物料分配。系统压力高，对管路密封性要求较高，是中长距离输送的主流方案。 **English** Positive pressure is formed inside the pipeline, with single-point feeding and multi-point discharging. It features long conveying distance and large throughput, and can realize long-distance material distribution. With high system pressure, it requires high pipeline tightness, which is the mainstream solution for medium and long distance conveying. #### （3）混合式 Combined Type **中文** 结合负压吸料与正压送料的特点，兼顾灵活取料与长距离输送，结构相对复杂，多用于工况复杂、输送路线多变的生产线。 **English** It combines the advantages of negative pressure suction and positive pressure conveying, supporting flexible feeding and long-distance transportation. Its structure is relatively complex, mostly applied to production lines with complex working conditions and variable conveying routes. ### 2. 按物料流态划分 By Material Flow Regime #### （1）稀相输送 Dilute Phase Conveying **中文** 物料悬浮于气流中，气料混合比低，气流速度高。通用性强、管路不易堵塞，适用于绝大多数常规粉末、颗粒物料，应用*广泛。 **English** Materials are suspended in the air flow with low air-material ratio and high air velocity. It has strong versatility and low pipeline blockage risk, applicable to most conventional powders and granular materials, and is the most widely used type. #### （2）密相输送 Dense Phase Conveying **中文** 物料呈柱塞状低速移动，气料混合比高、风速低。能耗低、物料磨损小，可保护易碎、易磨损物料，多用于**原料、颗粒成品输送。 **English** Materials move at low speed in plug flow state, with high air-material ratio and low air velocity. It features low energy consumption and slight material abrasion, which can protect fragile and easily worn materials, and is mainly used for conveying high-grade raw materials and granular finished products. --- ## 四、核心组成部件 Core Components 1. **中文**：动力单元（罗茨风机/旋涡气泵/真空泵） **English**：Power Unit (Roots Blower / Vortex Pump / Vacuum Pump) 2. **中文**：进料装置（吸料枪、旋转卸料阀、料斗） **English**：Feeding Device (Suction Nozzle, Rotary Airlock Valve, Hopper) 3. **中文**：输送管路（直管、弯管、三通、耐磨管件） **English**：Conveying Pipeline (Straight Pipe, Elbow, Tee, Wear-resistant Fittings) 4. **中文**：气料分离装置（旋风分离器、布袋除尘器） **English**：Air-material Separator (Cyclone Separator, Bag Dust Collector) 5. **中文**：储料单元（料仓、料桶） **English**：Storage Unit (Silo, Material Barrel) 6. **中文**：电气控制系统（PLC、传感器、控制柜） **English**：Electrical Control System (PLC, Sensors, Control Cabinet) --- ## 五、主要优势 Main Advantages **中文** 1. 全密闭输送，防尘环保，改善作业环境； 2. 管路布置灵活，可架空、穿墙、绕设备，节省车间空间； 3. 自动化程度高，可远程操控，减少人工成本； 4. 结构简单，运动部件少，维护便捷； 5. 可同步完成输送、除尘、干燥、混合等多道工序。 **English** 1. Fully sealed conveying, dust-proof and eco-friendly to improve working environment; 2. Flexible pipeline layout, which can be overhead, wall-penetrating and equipment-bypassing to save workshop space; 3. High degree of automation with remote control available, reducing labor cost; 4. Simple structure with few moving parts for easy maintenance; 5. Multiple processes including conveying, dust removal, drying and mixing can be completed simultaneously. --- ## 六、典型应用行业 Typical Application Industries **中文** 塑料橡塑、再生料（rPET）、粮油食品、精细化工、建材粉体、制药、新能源材料、饲料加工等。 **English** Plastics & rubber, recycled materials (rPET), grain & food, fine chemical industry, building material powder, pharmacy, new energy materials, feed processing, etc.